Pharmaceuticals in Northern Environments: what, where and how much?

Leading organisations:
Nordic Council of Ministers

Timeframe:
2019

Geographic Area:
Scandinavia

Objectives:

The present study has investigated and collected sales statistics of pharmaceuticals in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. A literature review of waste water treatment plants (WWTP) and the efficiency of different WWTP techniques was conducted and combined with a literature review of metabolization of pharmaceuticals in humans.
These data have been linked and used for calculations of the amount of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites that actually reaches the aquatic recipient.


Target audience:
Environmental experts, General Public, Health Professionals, Hospitals/health system stakeholders, National/Local decision and policy makers, Pharmaceutical manufacturers, Scientists, Waste/water treatment providers, and Water/waste service providers

Area of interest:
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, Pharmaceutical consumption by humans, Pharmaceutical manufacturing, Risks to ecosystems, Risks to human health, Unused/expired pharmaceutical disposal practices, Wastewater, and Water treatment technologies

Activities:

Communication material:

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HCWH Europe gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the European Commission (EC)’s LIFE+ programme, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Germany, and the German Environment Agency (UBA). HCWH Europe is solely responsible for the content of this project and related materials. The views expressed do not reflect the official views of the EC, BMU, or UBA.